#35 | Ranking the States by Fiscal Condition: Pennsylvania

Summary

On the basis of its solvency in five separate categories, Pennsylvania ranks 35th among the US states for fiscal health. Pennsylvania has between 0.69 and 1.39 times the cash needed to cover short-term obligations, well below the US average. Revenues exceed expenses by 1 percent, with an improving net position of $62 per capita. In the long run, Pennsylvania’s negative net asset ratio of 0.27 points to the use of debt and large unfunded obligations. Long-term liabilities are lower than the national average, at 61 percent of total assets, or $3,109 per capita. Total unfunded pension liabilities that are guaranteed to be paid are $245.40 billion, or 37 percent of state personal income. OPEB are $20.72 billion, or 3 percent of state personal income.

Key Terms

• Cash solvency measures whether a state has enough cash to cover its short-term bills, which include accounts payable, vouchers, warrants, and short-term debt. (Pennsylvania ranks 47th.)
• Budget solvency measures whether a state can cover its fiscal year spending using current revenues. Did it run a shortfall during the year? (Pennsylvania ranks 31st.)
• Long-run solvency measures whether a state has a hedge against large long-term liabilities. Are enough assets available to cushion the state from potential shocks or long-term fiscal risks? (Pennsylvania ranks 37th.)
• Service-level solvency measures how high taxes, revenues, and spending are when compared to state personal income. Do states have enough “fiscal slack”? If spending commitments demand more revenues, are states in a good position to increase taxes without harming the economy? Is spending high or low relative to the tax base? (Pennsylvania ranks 23rd.)
• Trust fund solvency measures how much debt a state has. How large are unfunded pension liabilities and OPEB liabilities compared to the state personal income? (Pennsylvania ranks 24th.)

For a complete explanation of the methodology used to calculate Pennsylvania's fiscal health rankings, download the full paper and the dataset at mercatus.org/statefiscalrankings.

To read all our work on Pennsylvania, go to mercatus.org/states/pennsylvania.