From Protectionism to Global Integration: India's Trade Policy Before and After 1991

Summary: This essay examines India’s shift from a protectionist trade policy to greater global integration, prompted by the economic reforms of 1991. Before the reforms, India maintained strict import controls and high tariffs, limiting trade and economic growth. The 1991 economic crisis led to significant changes, including tariff reductions and a more open import policy, which resulted in increased trade volumes and economic expansion.

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